Inspiration and Information for Your Perfect Journey

For those of us who relish the trail experience, there is a desire to champion Mother Nature and contribute to environmental conservation. Hence, the question arises: what are the most effective methods to maintain sustainability during a hike and ensure the optimal health of our lands? This guide with hiking tips outlines strategies to minimise both your physical impact on the trail and your metaphorical footprint, allowing you to explore the wilderness with a commitment to eco-conscious practices.

Venture off the beaten path…

Venturing into less-travelled routes can unlock a world of thrilling possibilities for those seeking a more authentic and serene hiking or trekking experience. While the well-trodden paths seen on social media may seem alluring, the phenomenon of over-tourism has become a significant concern in many picturesque locations, resulting in crowded trails, degraded landscapes, and an overall diminished sense of tranquillity. Choosing less-frequented alternatives not only allows for more intimate communion with nature but also reduces the environmental impact caused by excessive foot traffic if combined with the correct sustainable tips. They can also bring unexpected surprises, from hidden waterfalls and untouched vistas to encounters with local wildlife.

In addition to researching the popularity of a trail, it’s crucial to consider the timing of your adventure. Investigate trail conditions during shoulder and off-seasons, when the crowds are likely to thin and nature takes centre stage. Choosing to embark on your journey during these periods not only ensures a more solitary experience but also allows for a deeper connection with the changing seasons and landscapes.

…but stay on the trails

Respecting and adhering to established trails is not merely a matter of following rules; it’s a fundamental responsibility that ensures the sustainability and preservation of natural landscapes. Established trails are carefully planned and maintained to strike a balance between human recreation and environmental conservation. Venturing off these paths can disrupt delicate ecosystems, damage vegetation, and disturb wildlife habitats. Moreover, it may lead to unintentional trespassing on private lands, causing conflicts with landowners and undermining the delicate balance between humans and the environment.

By adhering to established trails, outdoor enthusiasts contribute to the overall health of the ecosystem. These designated routes take into account factors such as soil stability, erosion control, and wildlife migration patterns. Straying from these paths can lead to irreversible damage, disrupting the natural flow of ecosystems and jeopardising the very beauty that drew adventurers to these areas in the first place.

When it comes to camping, prioritise choosing established campsites along the trail rather than creating new ones. These designated areas are equipped with amenities such as fire rings and shelters that are strategically placed to minimise environmental impact. Creating new campsites can result in the accumulation of individual fire circles and wind shelters, leading to the degradation of the landscape. This not only detracts from the overall beauty of the surroundings but also disrupts the experiences of future hikers and campers.

Hiking tips: Inform yourself of permits and fire regulations

Many routes, particularly those designed for through-trekking, come with specific requirements that demand attention and adherence to ensure a seamless and secure journey. Obtaining permits is a common protocol for various hiking and trekking destinations. These permits serve multiple purposes, including monitoring the number of visitors, managing environmental impact, and ensuring the safety of individuals exploring remote and challenging terrains. Some routes may necessitate permits that go beyond a simple online application, requiring check-ins at local police stations or ranger stations before departure. This process not only facilitates effective tracking of hikers but also enables authorities to provide timely assistance in case of emergencies.

Understanding and following fire regulations is equally imperative, as wildfires pose a significant threat to both the environment and human safety. Parks and trail authorities often implement stringent rules to prevent accidental fires, especially in regions prone to dry conditions. These regulations may include restrictions on open flames, campfire locations, and the use of certain equipment. Adherence to these guidelines is crucial for minimising the risk of wildfires and protecting the delicate ecosystems through which hikers and trekkers pass.

Furthermore, staying informed allows hikers and trekkers to plan their expeditions more effectively. It ensures that they are equipped with the necessary knowledge and resources, reducing the likelihood of unexpected challenges or disruptions during their journey. Additionally, it fosters a culture of responsible outdoor recreation, where individuals actively contribute to the conservation and protection of the areas they explore.

Pick a responsible operator

Choosing a responsible trekking operator is not only a practical consideration but a crucial step towards sustainable tips and a positive impact on your outdoor adventure. Before entrusting your hike to a particular company, it’s imperative to delve into their practices and commitments, especially in terms of environmental conservation, local economic contribution, and fair treatment of their staff.

One of the primary aspects to consider is the environmental impact of the trekking operator. Inquire about the company’s sustainability initiatives and measures to minimise its footprint on the delicate ecosystems you’ll be exploring. A responsible operator will have policies in place to reduce waste, limit pollution, and implement eco-friendly practices throughout the hike. This commitment reflects a genuine concern for the preservation of natural landscapes and a dedication to leaving minimal impact on the environment.

Locally owned trekking companies often play a crucial role in fostering sustainable tourism. Choosing a company deeply rooted in the local community ensures that a significant portion of the economic benefits generated by the trek remain within the region. This, in turn, contributes to the overall well-being of the local community by supporting businesses, creating job opportunities, and promoting cultural exchange.

Furthermore, inquire about the trekking company’s approach to fair wages for its staff, including guides and porters. Ethical treatment of the team members who make the trek possible is a key indicator of a responsible operator. Ensuring that the company provides fair compensation, reasonable working hours, and proper equipment for its staff is not only an ethical concern but also enhances the overall experience for trekkers, as motivated and well-treated staff can significantly contribute to the success of the expedition.

A reputable trekking company should be transparent about its policies and practices. This transparency instils confidence in prospective trekkers, allowing them to make informed decisions aligned with their values. Reliable operators readily share information about their environmental initiatives, community engagement efforts, and labour practices, showcasing a commitment to responsible and sustainable trekking.

Don’t be a litterbug!

Leaving no trace is not just a principle; it’s a commitment to preserving the pristine beauty of natural landscapes for future generations. When wrapping up your campsite, thorough cleanup is essential, and this involves a conscientious effort to ensure that you leave behind no remnants of your presence. Here are some key practices to adopt in order to uphold the “Leave No Trace” ethos:

Pack all your rubbish: Be meticulous in gathering all your rubbish, leaving no items behind. Triple-check your campsite to make sure you haven’t overlooked any small pieces or wrappers. Discovering someone else’s discarded waste at a campsite can be disheartening and detracts from the natural beauty of the area.

Waste reduction strategies: Minimise the amount of waste you generate by adopting waste reduction strategies from the beginning of your trip. Opt for bulk items and carry them in reusable containers to cut down on packaging waste. Embrace eco-friendly camping utensils, such as silicone plates, cups, and cutlery that can be easily cleaned and reused.

Reusable water containers and filters: Instead of relying on disposable plastic bottles, bring a reusable water vessel. This not only reduces waste but also helps you stay hydrated throughout your journey. Consider carrying a handheld water filter that allows you to source water from natural bodies without contributing to the single-use plastic problem.

Educate and encourage others: Promote the “Leave No Trace” philosophy among your fellow campers and outdoor enthusiasts. By leading by example and sharing knowledge about responsible waste management, you contribute to a collective effort to preserve the integrity of natural environments.

Plan ahead: Consider waste management as an integral part of your trip planning. Allocate space in your gear for rubbish disposal, bringing along extra bags for sorting recyclables if possible. Being proactive in your approach ensures that you are well-prepared to adhere to the principles of responsible waste management throughout your expedition.

If you’re seeking refuge from the buzz of strangers and the noise of RVs at bustling drive-up campgrounds, venturing into backcountry camping offers an ideal escape.

Yet, while reaching more secluded pockets of wilderness promises tranquillity and more profound communion with nature, it also demands heightened responsibility and consideration of unique safety considerations.

Although it doesn’t need to be arduous, engaging in backcountry camping might present novel challenges and necessitate some understanding to guarantee the safety of both yourself and the environments you explore.

What is backcountry camping?

In straightforward terms, backcountry camping entails setting up your tent deep within the wilderness, far removed from the usual conveniences found in designated campgrounds, such as bathrooms or access to electricity. This style of camping demands that adventurers pack and carry all necessities for the duration of their trip and be prepared to carry everything back out.

Before you embark on your backcountry adventure, inform someone trustworthy about your plans. Provide details on your route, expected return time, and any emergency contacts. This is a safety precaution in case something goes wrong.

What’s the difference between camping and backcountry camping?

In contrast to driving to a campsite with all your gear neatly stowed in the trunk, backcountry camping involves shouldering everything you need in a backpack and trekking to your camping spot on foot. Backcountry camping and backpack camping are often used interchangeably – but backpack camping is essentially how you reach your backcountry camping location.

At times, a backcountry camping site may resemble a traditional developed campsite, featuring a cleared area for a tent, a fire pit, and perhaps even an outhouse. Alternatively, you may trade these basic amenities for a less-developed wilderness experience, embracing the novelty of digging your own hole for nature’s call.

Where to go backcountry camping

For beginners, it’s advised to opt for a backcountry campsite that’s easily accessible. While embarking on a multi-day backpacking journey covering many miles is an option, a nearby destination provides the opportunity to acclimate to carrying and using all your gear, locating a suitable site, and settling in for a night in the great outdoors.

National parks are excellent starting points for well-travelled yet remote backcountry camping locations. However, it’s important to note that most backcountry camping in national parks necessitates backcountry permits, and the most sought-after licenses are quickly claimed, particularly for summer months.

Additionally, opportunities for backcountry camping abound on public lands, including national forests, state parks, and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) areas.

Test your equipment

Embarking on a wilderness retreat is terrific until you realise your tent bag is missing the poles. In the backcountry, there’s no nearby gear store to remedy such oversights, underscoring the critical importance of testing, familiarising yourself with, and meticulously checking all the gear you bring.

Weight minimisation is also a key focus since everything you carry will be on your back for a considerable distance. Opting for lighter alternatives and streamlining your belongings will enhance the enjoyment of your backcountry camping expedition, particularly if you have an extensive hike to reach your destination.

The essential gear for backcountry camping closely mirrors that of regular camping – your backpack should accommodate your tent, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, food, toiletries, water, light source, and cooking equipment. It’s a good idea to test setting up your tent before heading off on your trip, even if it’s a familiar piece of equipment, to confirm the presence of all components. Conduct thorough tests of your stove, inspect your fuel supply, and check and recheck every item in your gear inventory.

Learn basic navigation skills using a map and compass. Trails in the backcountry may not be well-marked, so having the ability to navigate is crucial. GPS devices are helpful but having traditional navigation skills is a valuable backup.

What to eat when camping

When it comes to sustenance in the backcountry, simplicity is key. Freeze-dried meals prove to be a popular choice; just add hot water to a meal pouch, and you’ve got a convenient breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Check out different brands that offer such meals, or hit the food shop and ask the staff.

You can also meal prep. Cook a big batch of high-calorie, high-protein food packed with the energy you need for your travels. Avoid snack foods, they won’t help you very much in the wilderness.

In certain backcountry camping locations, you might have access to a stream or other water bodies, providing an opportunity to fish for food. However, it’s essential to note that hunting other wildlife is typically prohibited in these areas.

Leave no trace

The Leave No Trace principles were formulated to safeguard and conserve outdoor spaces, offering guidance on preserving the wilderness just as you encountered it. This becomes particularly crucial when engaging in backcountry camping.

Comprising seven fundamental principles, Leave No Trace guidelines encompass planning and preparation, adhering to resilient surfaces, appropriately disposing of waste, leaving natural features undisturbed, minimising the impact of campfires, showing respect for wildlife, and demonstrating consideration for fellow outdoor enthusiasts. An additional principle gaining prominence is the awareness of social media’s impact on wild places, urging caution when sharing lesser-known wilderness locations to avoid sudden surges in visitors that could harm delicate ecosystems.

Moreover, backcountry campers should delve into the specific nuances of Leave No Trace practices applicable to the particular habitat they are exploring, as these guidelines can vary slightly based on the landscape.

Learn and enjoy

While acquainting yourself with Leave No Trace principles and mastering the use of your equipment are vital aspects of backcountry camping, there’s more to learn for a fulfilling experience. A significant portion of the knowledge applicable in the backcountry comes from hands-on experience, but various classes and online resources can provide valuable skills, such as map and compass navigation or the identification of plants and animals.

Understanding the wilderness and our interaction with it enhances the overall experience. We should approach the privilege of visiting these natural spaces with a sense of honour. Delving deep into the details of the environment we explore contributes to a richer experience, both for ourselves and the delicate ecosystems around us. The enchanting feeling of immersing oneself in the darkness of a star-studded night sky in the backcountry fosters a profound appreciation for the untamed beauty that surrounds us.

If you’re bound for Rwanda and crave adventure and outdoor pursuits, you’re in for a treat. Despite its size, this small country offers an astonishing array of heart-pounding adventure options, we’ll explore these in this Rwanda travel guide.

For an eco-friendly immersion in Rwanda’s untamed landscapes, there’s no better way than exploring on foot or from the saddle of a bike. Navigate rivers and lakes for a paddling experience or delve into intriguing caves. And for those moments when you need to recharge after all the activities, a couple of serene expanses of white sand await.

Caves and volcanos in Rwanda

Venturing into Musanze (Ruhengeri) and nearby Kinigi serves as the ideal starting point for exploring the magnificent Volcanoes National Park, renowned as one of East Africa’s premier destinations for tracking mountain gorillas. Positioned near these towns are captivating natural wonders, including spectacular caves located just over a mile (2 km) from the town centre along the road to Gisenyi. Formed by the merging of different lava flows that shaped the Albertine Rift Valley, these caves feature notable bat roosts and expansive roof collapses, creating stunning arrays of coloured light shafts that are remarkably photogenic. Exploring these caves doesn’t require superhero abilities, but a guide is essential for the journey, it’s also wise to check Rwanda travel requirements beforehand.

For those still brimming with energy, a visit to Lake Ruhondo and Lake Burera, located on the outskirts of Musanze, is highly recommended. These two sizable lakes are surrounded by small villages accessible through a network of dirt roads. The scenery is nothing short of breathtaking, with terraced shores cultivated with crops and the imposing Virunga volcanoes looming ominously in the distance. While Ruhondo and Burera may lack typical tourist infrastructure, adventurous travellers can easily create their own experience here, especially with personal transportation or a penchant for walking. Arranging a lake trip with a local fisherman is also feasible for those seeking a do-it-yourself adventure.

Cycle along the Congo Nile Trail

Embark on an exhilarating, secure biking adventure along the Congo Nile Trail (CNT) for an unparalleled experience. Located far from the typical tourist routes, the CNT encompasses both cycling and hiking paths along the shores of Lake Kivu, one of Africa’s magnificent lakes, in the western region of Rwanda. Established in 2009, this trail weaves through the tropical Kivu Region’s interconnected rural paths, dirt roads, and drivable tracks. This travel to Rwanda can be completed in about five days, spanning approximately 140 miles (227 km) from Gisenyi to Kamembe.

Anticipate a distinctive adventure amid undulating hills, expansive coffee plantations, and captivating tropical forests, offering breathtaking views of the lake. Beyond cycling, the trail provides an excellent opportunity to engage with locals and partake in traditional activities such as craft making, honey harvesting, visits to tea or coffee estates, or joining local fishermen during their night fishing expeditions for sambaza (small fish).

Adding to the allure is the availability of numerous secluded beaches along the route, offering the perfect opportunity for a refreshing dip. Lake Kivu boasts a lack of dangerous animals, such as hippos and crocs, ensuring a safe and highly recommended beach experience after a day of biking the trail.

While it’s possible to tackle the Congo Nile Trail independently, having a guide proves invaluable. For a seamless experience, consider reaching out to the specialised operator. While iron thighs aren’t a prerequisite, a reasonable level of fitness is recommended before embarking on the trail.

Accommodations along the route vary, providing options to suit different preferences. Guides can arrange camping for those inclined, but if tents or campsites aren’t your preference, homestays, guesthouses, and small lodges are available. When it comes to meals, relish fresh and delightful local cuisine prepared by residents. Many villages also have shops where you can purchase snacks, fruits, and water, ensuring you’re well-equipped for the journey.

Kayak on Lake Kivu

Embrace the vast playground of Lake Kivu, Rwanda’s largest body of water, with an exhilarating kayaking adventure. If lounging on the beach in the bustling resort town of Gisenyi loses its charm, embark on a kayak excursion to navigate the crystal-clear blue waters that gently lap against the picturesque shores of the lake.

Discover sandy inlets along the way, offering perfect spots to pause and unwind while observing a variety of bird species flitting in and out of the surrounding bushes. Rest assured, paddling on Lake Kivu is incredibly safe, with no hippos or crocs to worry about. Drift in tranquillity on the serene waters, feeling the gentle caress of the breeze against your skin, all while the volcanic mountains provide a stunning backdrop.

This kayaking adventure also presents a unique chance to engage with the local fisherfolk aboard their splendid traditional wooden boats. You might even hear their rhythmic singing as they paddle in unison – an unforgettable experience. On a day trip, explore small islands and indulge in a lakeside picnic. For a more immersive experience, opt for an overnight adventure, camping on an uninhabited island – an ideal Rwanda-style Robinson Crusoe experience.

Climb the Virungas volcanos

Heading west in Rwanda, the iconic summits of the Volcanoes National Park stand as an absolute must-see. While renowned worldwide for gorilla-watching, the park offers a diverse range of rewarding climbing and trekking options. Some notable choices include Karisimbi (14,000 ft; 4507m; two days), Bisoke Crater Lake (seven hours return), Ngezi (three hours return), Dian Fossey’s Grave (five hours return), Gahinga (11,000 ft; 3474m; eight hours return), and Muhabura (13,500 ft; 4127m; nine hours return).

Ascending these peaks takes you through remarkable changes in vegetation, transitioning from dense bamboo and giant lobelia or hagenia forests to alpine meadows. Weather permitting, you’ll be rewarded with spectacular views across the mountain chain.

Various trekking possibilities exist for reaching the summits of the volcanoes, ranging from several hours to two days. A guide is mandatory and included in your trekking fee, while additional porters are optional.

One of the highlights of climbing and trekking in the park is the ample opportunities to observe wildlife (excluding gorillas and golden monkeys). Common herbivores include bushbucks and black-fronted duikers, with buffaloes, bush pigs, and giant forest hogs occasionally spotted. Keep an eye on tree hollows for hyraxes, genets, dormice, squirrels, and forest pouched rats. The Hagenia forests, in particular, provide rich birdwatching opportunities, featuring turaco, francolins, sunbirds, waxbills, crimson wings, and various hawks and buzzards.

Walk on a canopy

Elevated above a ravine within the verdant montane rainforest of Nyungwe Forest National Park, you’ll encounter the jungle from an extraordinary vantage point akin to that of a monkey. This remarkable canopy walkway, stretching 500 feet (160m) and reaching heights of up to 230 feet (70m) at times, stands as one of the world’s most breathtaking constructions of its kind, captivating visitors seeking an unconventional experience.

Accessed after a brief 30-minute ascent, the canopy walk offers unforgettable views of the surrounding forest. Along the way, you’ll encounter an array of butterflies, vibrant orchids, and colourful birds, enhancing the overall enchantment of this unique adventure.

The Amazon is a large ecosystem that spans eight countries and around 6.7 million square kilometres, making up around 40% of South America. Its size and diversity are unmatched, and it is home to the largest rainforest in the world as well as 10 out of all known species. And the vast River Amazon, which flows from the Andes of Peru to Brazil’s Atlantic coast, continues to be the lifeblood of it all. The Amazon rainforest landmarks and tropical rainforest landmarks are some of the most iconic in the world.

Many people’s top travel goals when travelling through South America include seeing the Amazon jungle and the special landmarks in the tropical rainforest. However, given its immense size, it can be challenging to determine which country is the best to visit. Here’s our guide to planning a visit to the Amazon rainforests for your perfect getaway.

Choose the best time to go

You can travel to the Amazon rainforest at any time of year. However, rainfall is always to be expected, as the name implies. Depending on the country you choose to visit, there are subtle differences in the best time to go. Nonetheless, the Amazon basin is often governed by two seasons.

Wet season (December to May)

The high-water season, which runs from December to May, provides intermittent rainfall throughout the day. The rivers will be higher during these months, making boat navigation and accessibility easier. But it also means more mosquitoes and colder weather, so you’ll need a strong repellent!

“Dry” season (June to December)

On the other hand, lower rivers and less rainfall occur during the low-water season. However, heavy showers are still common. While this affects river transportation, more hiking trails become accessible. Not only is it much simpler to spot animals like birds and caimans, but there are also fewer mosquitoes to worry about.

The best places within the Amazon rainforest

The Amazon River flows through a number of port cities that provide entry points for exploring this ecosystem as it meanders across the continent. Despite the fact that Brazil contains more than 60% of the Amazon, Peru and Ecuador are the other two major entry points.

Manaus, Brazil

With a population of about 2 million, Manaus is the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon and the country’s primary entrance. The only ways to get there are by plane or riverboat. Manaus’s proximity to the Central Amazon Biosphere is what attracts tourists to the area, despite being exciting in it’s own right with amenities like the Manaus Opera House and a vibrant city life.

The Amazon is home to several tour companies that provide both day trips and extended river cruises. There’s bound to be one that meets your needs, as they range from affordable to luxurious. Additionally, other jungle lodges in the vicinity provide activities like canoe cruises and hiking in the rainforest.

Why visit in Brazil?

Manaus provides an opportunity to witness the Amazon River in all its splendour, while other gateways are situated near tributaries or smaller portions of the river. Here, the river is 10 km wide; therefore, this is the ideal location for everyone who wants to be in awe of its immense size and scope.

The “Meeting of the Waters” is another event that can be witnessed in Manaus. This is the point at which the Rio Negro and the Rio Solimões combine to form the River Amazon. Because each river has a distinctly different tint, they don’t immediately integrate together, creating an amazing natural phenomenon.

Puerto Maldonado and Iquitos, Peru

Puerto Maldonado and Iquitos are Peru’s two primary entry points into the Amazon. Puerto Maldonado is located in the southeast of the country at the meeting point of the River Madre de Dios and the River Tambopata. It provides excellent access to the amazing Tambopata National Reserve. Staying at a lodge near or inside the reserve and going on a guided rainforest trip is the main way to explore the jungle here.

In contrast, Iquitos is a significantly bigger city located on the Amazon River in northeastern Peru. Access to the Pacaya Samiria National Reserve, home to animals like pink river dolphins, is one of its most well-known features. Either a river cruise or lodging in a resort are the two ways that visitors can choose to explore the jungle. Iquitos is an excellent place to start a multi-day cruise because it offers a variety of boats, from deluxe to adventure-style.

Why visit in Peru?

It’s faster and less expensive to get to Peru’s Amazonian jungle than the enormous expanse of Brazil. Road access is available to Puerto Maldonado, which is also regularly accessible by planes from Cusco and Lima. Thus, it’s simple to fit your visit into a quick trip while visiting other famous sites like Machu Picchu.

Peru also has the largest known parrot clay lick in the world. This clay deposit near Puerto Maldonado in Tambopata National Reserve is a birdwatcher’s dream come true. Hundreds of vibrant macaws, parakeets, and other species descend at dawn to feed on the minerals in the clay lick. It’s among the most colourful natural displays in the Amazon.

Coca, Ecuador

Coca, often referred to as Puerto Francisco de Orellana, is regarded as Ecuador’s greatest entry point to the Amazon rainforest. Located near two protected areas, the city is situated on the Napo River. Yasuni National Park and Cuyabeno Wildlife Reserve are home to an unparalleled variety of wildlife.

Ecuador offers numerous well-organised tours to the Amazon, ranging from luxury eco-lodges to more adventurous camping trips and upscale resorts. Staying in a rainforest resort and taking guided wildlife trips are options available to visitors to Coca. An additional option is to go on a multi-day Amazon cruise.

Why visit in Ecuador?

Like Peru, Ecuador provides cheaper and faster access to the rainforest than Brazil. It only takes half an hour to get from Quito, the country’s capital, to Coca by plane or a few hours’ drive from Quito by car.

Additionally, one of the planet’s most biodiverse areas is Ecuador’s Amazon jungle. For those who enjoy wildlife, especially birdwatching, Yasuni National Park is a must-visit. Approximately one-third of the wildlife in the Amazon basin is represented by the 600 species of birds that have been spotted in the park.

So which country is best?

Choose Brazil to witness the Amazon River’s immense size and scope.
Choose Peru if you’re looking for a faster and less expensive trip.
Choose Ecuador if you wish to see the Amazon’s most biodiverse region.

What to pack

Clothing:

• Long-sleeved, lightweight shirts and trousers that protect you from the sun and insects.
• There is a lot of humidity, so clothes that dry quickly are ideal.
• A breathable, water-resistant jacket for frequent rainfall.
• A hat with a wide brim to shield the sun.
• Swimwear for use in pools or rivers.

Footwear:

• Waterproof hiking boots that provide a good grip on muddy and slippery paths.
• Water shoes or sandals designed for wading in water.
• Comfortable shoes for the lodge or camp.

Health and safety:

• Insect repellent with a high DEET content to keep mosquitoes and other insects away.
• If your accommodation does not offer mosquito netting, get it.
• High SPF lip balm and sunscreen.

Keep in mind that on these kinds of journeys, space can often be limited, so pack light. Additionally, consider the particular things you want to do and modify your packing list accordingly. It’s wise to inquire directly from your tour organiser about any extra suggestions or requirements.

Discover the majestic Tatra Mountains, a natural border between Poland and Slovakia. Learn about the best hiking trails, scenic views, and cultural experiences in Zakopane, Poland, and the Slovakian Tatras. Plan your adventure today and immerse yourself in the beauty of Europe’s second-largest mountain range.

The Tatra Mountains are a range of peaks that form a natural border between Slovakia and Poland. The Tatras are divided into the High and the Low Tatras. The High Tatras are known for their sharp peaks and deep valleys carved out by glaciers, making them a distinctive feature of the European landscape. The Low Tatras, while lower in elevation, are extensive and known for their rolling hills and lush forests. These mountains draw hikers in the summer and skiers in the winter and are quickly gaining popularity. The High Tatras are accessible from Slovakia and Poland. Which side you choose will depend on your travelling style and how much time you have available to spend here.

About The Tatra Mountains

The Tatras are found in the Carpathian Mountains, the second-largest mountain range in Europe, spanning from the Czech Republic across Poland and Slovakia to Serbia, Romania, and Moldova.

The highest point of the Tatras (as well as the whole Carpathian Mountains) is Gerlachovsky štít, sitting at 2,655 meters high. Lomnicky štít (2,633 meters) is the third-tallest peak in the Carpathian Mountains and can be easily accessed by cable car in Slovakia.

If you plan on hiking the Tatras, the best time to do so is from early June through September. Some trails remain open until the end of October, but this depends on the snowfall.

The Tatras are becoming an increasingly popular hiking destination in Europe. Many sources name this as an off-the-beaten-path destination; however, that’s not necessarily true. It can still be quite the bustling place during the summer months, especially in Zakopane, Poland. The Tatras may not bring in the same crowd volumes as other European hiking destinations, but the trails can be pretty busy during summer.

Poland or Slovakia?

When visiting the Tatras, you can do so from Zakopane, Poland or Slovakia. Ultimately, both the Polish and Slovak sides of the Tatra Mountains offer unique and memorable experiences. You may even consider a cross-border trip to enjoy the best of both! Here are the advantages and disadvantages of visiting the Tatras from either side.

The Tatra Mountains of Poland

Zakopane is the most famous gateway on the Polish side, a popular mountain resort town in southern Poland that sits right at the foothills of the Tatras. It’s known for its wooden architecture and distinctive Goral culture and is an excellent spot to discover traditional crafts, music, and food from the area. For most visitors, this is the ideal gateway to the Tatras because it’s easy to get to as it’s located near Krakow. Morskie Oko is one of the most famous and largest lakes in the Tatra Mountains, accessible from the Polish side. It’s known for its breathtaking scenery and is a must-visit for nature lovers. The Polish side also provides access to some of the most popular hiking trails, including those leading to Kasprowy Wierch and Giewont, offering magnificent views and well-marked paths.

The pros …

Its proximity to Krakow

Visiting Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains from Krakow is a highly feasible and rewarding option for travellers, especially those with time constraints. The pros of visiting the Tatra Mountains from Zakopane is that you can get a lot done in a short amount of time. Given Krakow’s proximity to Zakopane, the journey provides an enriching day trip experience that blends urban exploration with natural beauty. The journey from Krakow to Zakopane usually takes around 1.5 to 2 hours, depending on the mode of transportation and traffic conditions. This relatively short travel time makes it practical for a day trip. You won’t regret squeezing the Tatras into your travel plans!

Easy access with public transport

The easiest way to get to Zakopane is by car. However, if that’s not an option for you, there are many other options to get to Zakopane by public transport. You can take the bus or the train or join a tour. Joining a guided tour can be convenient. These tours often include transportation and a structured itinerary, covering significant attractions in Zakopane and other parts of the Tatra Mountains. This option is excellent for those who prefer an organised schedule and insights from knowledgeable guides.

More accommodation and dining options

Zakopane has been a popular destination in Poland for quite some time. With that, the town has slowly expanded and has a well-established tourist infrastructure with a plethora of hotels and restaurants to choose from. Zakopane also hosts many cultural events and festivals, especially in summer, showcasing the region’s rich traditions.

The cons …

More crowds and more touristy

With Zakopane’s popularity, it comes with more crowds and a more touristy vibe. Traffic jams between Krakow and Zakopane are prevalent during the peak summer months. There’s merely one cable car that goes up into the mountains, the Kasprowy Wierch cable car, and in the summertime, lengthy queues in line to board are to be expected.

The Tatra Mountains of Slovakia

You can choose from several small towns as your base on the Slovakian side of the Tatras. Towns like Štrbské Pleso, Starý Smokovec, and Tatranská Lomnica are popular bases. It takes longer to get to, but it’s quieter, less busy, and less touristy on this side, especially during off-peak seasons. The Slovak side is known for having more challenging hiking trails and is a favourite among serious hikers and mountaineers. Slovakia is famous for its thermal springs, and the region around the Tatras is no exception. Towns like Poprad offer thermal parks and spa resorts. Slovakia’s High Tatras are also known for more adventurous activities like alpine climbing, paragliding, and high-altitude cycling.

The pros …

It’s less crowded

Since driving to the Tatra Mountains of Slovakia takes longer, you can expect much fewer people here. And since a day trip option from Bratislava or Krakow isn’t possible, day trippers do not add to the crowd volumes. The trails are less crowded, and the queues for the cable cars are much shorter. It feels much more tranquil on this side of the mountains.

If you’re looking for an excellent hiking destination away from tourists, driving to the Slovakian side of the Tatras is worth the extra effort.

More hiking options

The hiking options on both the Polish side and the Slovakian side of the Tatras are incredible. However, there are more options to choose from on the Slovakian side.

In Slovakia, there are multiple cable cars that transport you up into the mountains. This makes hiking accessible for many more people. Cable cars save time and effort by eliminating the first major climb. You can spend most of your time up on the mountain peaks, then hike or ride the cable cars back into town. With several trails to choose from, you spend multiple days exploring the Slovakian side with cable cars and going on short hikes.

The trails are more dramatic

Again, the hiking is impressive in both countries. But most of the Tatras mountain range is located on the Slovakian side and is more rugged and wild. So if you want to hike high into the mountains and witness some dramatic scenery, the Slovakian side is ideal.

From Slovakia, you can ride a cable car from Tatranská Lomnica to Lomnicky štít, the third-tallest peak in the Tatras. Hike from the Slovakian side to the peak of Rysy, the highest peak in Poland. And with the help of a mountain guide, you can also hike Gerlachovsky štít, the highest mountain in all the High Tatras.

The cons …

It’s harder to get to

The Polish side of the Tatras is located near Krakow, a major city with an international airport (Krakow John Paul II International Airport) that offers numerous direct flights from various European cities and some long-haul destinations. In contrast, the closest major airports to the Slovakian Tatras are Poprad-Tatry Airport (a smaller airport with limited flights) and Kosice International Airport, with fewer direct international connections.

Zakopane in Poland is just about 100 kilometres from Krakow. On the Slovakian side, the High Tatras are further from Slovakia’s major urban centres like Bratislava. While serviced by public transport, the Slovakian side has less frequent connections or requires more complex travel arrangements.

For those who enjoy the great outdoors, wildlife tourism offers up-close and personal experiences with some of the most amazing animals around the world. We travel wide in this exploration, stopping at six breathtaking locations: Kenya, Botswana, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Costa Rica, and the Galapagos Islands. Each of these places to see animals offer a distinct biodiversity tapestry, showcasing the wonders of nature in its purest form. Read on for some of the best wildlife destinations in the world.

The Galapagos

The Galapagos Islands, located 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador, are an ode to the wonders of biodiversity and natural selection. This archipelago, formed through volcanic activity, provides a unique view of the natural world and is a living museum of evolutionary changes. Here, nature reigns supreme, whereby animals roam freely, and people are brief observers. A variety of species, many of which are unique to the Galapagos, can be found among the islands’ diverse landscape, ranging from lush mountains to rocky coasts.

The islands’ national symbol, giant tortoises, wander along the mountain trails. The only sea-going lizards in the world, marine iguanas, feed in the chilly waters and sunbathe on sun-drenched rocks along the shoreline, which are also excellent hubs of activity for tourists. Sea lions are playful and seem fearless of human presence as they play in the blue seas, enticing snorkelers to explore their underwater habitat. Tourists can snorkel amid vibrant fish and active penguins and glimpse the abundant underwater life. Birdwatching is especially exciting, as certain species, like the well-known Darwin’s finches, offer a real-time illustration of the concepts of evolution. There is some of the best wildlife of the world here.

Conservation efforts are essential here; the tight regulations of the Galapagos National Park are necessary to preserve the delicate ecology. Tourism is also a crucial component of these initiatives; the money supports local people and funds important preservation and research projects.

Kenya

Kenya, which is frequently associated with the iconic African safari, is a place where the beauty of nature can be seen in its rawest form; it’s one of the most beautiful places with animals. Among the countless natural spectacles Kenya offers, none is more iconic than the Great Migration. This annual event, often described as the “greatest show on earth,” sees millions of wildebeest, zebras, and gazelles make a brave journey across the plains of the Maasai Mara, driven by ancient rhythms and survival instincts. This gem of Kenya, the Maasai Mara, provides unmatched chances to see the Big Five of Africa: lions, elephants, buffalo, leopards, and rhinos.

Beyond the Maasai Mara, reserves like Amboseli and Tsavo contribute to Kenya’s rich tapestry of wildlife experiences. Elephant populations in Amboseli are high, providing some of the most iconic photographs of Africa against the backdrop of Mount Kilimanjaro. One of the biggest national parks in the world, Tsavo is home to a wide variety of animals, including the famed man-eating Tsavo lions. Tsavo is separated into Tsavo East and Tsavo West.

The cultural legacy of Kenya and its natural treasures are intricately entwined, giving the safari experience even more depth and complexity. Engaging with Maasai villages allows visitors to learn about their traditional methods of living, which have coexisted peacefully with the environment for centuries. These exchanges offer a deep insight into how local people have preserved and coexisted with a wide variety of species and the environment. Cultural excursions might involve seeing traditional Maasai dances, watching a nearby hamlet or “manyatta,” and discovering more about their pastoralist way of life. The Maasai’s knowledge of the land and wildlife, passed down through generations, is invaluable, offering lessons in conservation and sustainable living.

Sri Lanka

The emerald island of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean is home to a wealth of natural treasures that are sometimes overshadowed by more popular wildlife destinations. However, this island country offers a fantastic variety of habitats and wildlife encounters, making it a biodiversity hotspot. Sri Lanka has a wide variety of scenery, from golden beaches and arid zones to misty mountains and lush rainforests, all supporting various animals.

The gathering of elephants in Minneriya National Park is one of the most amazing natural spectacles on the island. Hundreds of Asian elephants congregate in what is said to be the world’s largest gathering of wild elephants during the dry season when the water in the Minneriya reservoir recedes. This gathering offers the chance to witness these creatures’ intricate social dynamics. Families gather, calves play in the water, and the gentle giants perform their yearly social rituals. Another nature paradise is Yala National Park, situated in the southeast of the island. Yala is known for having one of the most significant numbers of leopards in the world. Elephants, sloths, and many deer species are among the vast wildlife that thrive in the park’s diverse habitats, ranging from monsoon forests to saltwater marshes.

Sri Lanka is also a haven for birdwatchers – over 400 bird species, including 34 indigenous species, can be found on the island. The nation’s diverse landscapes provide perfect homes for the astounding variety of birds, from the marshes of Kumana National Park to the Sinharaja Rain Forest – a UNESCO World Heritage site. The sounds and hues from multiple species fill these spaces, ranging from the vivid Sri Lankan blue magpie to the mysterious red-faced malkoha.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica is frequently praised as an ecotourism leader, demonstrating how a country can thrive by valuing and preserving its natural heritage. With its verdant woods, hazy cloud forests, meandering rivers, and colourful coral reefs, this biodiverse paradise is a living classroom for sustainable tourism and conservation; it promises to be one of the best wildlife holidays.

One of Costa Rica’s greatest ecological treasures is the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve. Numerous plant, bird, and insect species – many unique to this place – find refuge in this ethereal forest, which is covered in a constant mist. The magnificent quetzal, a bird adored by birdwatchers all around the globe, is among the reserve’s many remarkable species that have earned it a high reputation. A network of pathways and suspension bridges allows visitors to explore this unique habitat and fully immerse themselves in the lush, green world of the cloud forest.

To ensure that there is as little disruption to the animals as possible, interactions between wildlife and tourists are carefully managed. Through the extensive network of national parks and protected areas around the country, tourists can get up close and personal with nature while also fostering the flourishing of animals. Travellers can hear howler monkeys’ loud calls, watch colourful frogs leaping amid the greenery, and see sloths lazily strolling through the treetops. Beyond its borders, Costa Rica’s dedication to protecting its natural riches is a global example of sustainable tourism. The nation promotes conservation efforts that ensure the longevity of its natural resources and the welfare of the surrounding communities, educating tourists about the value of such efforts. This dedication is demonstrated by the nation’s ground-breaking Payment for Ecosystem Services initiative, which pays landowners to protect forests and the essential ecosystem services they offer.

Uganda

With its diverse landscape and abundant biodiversity, Uganda, also known as the “Pearl of Africa”, offers profound and emotionally stirring wildlife experiences. Undoubtedly, gorilla trekking in the mist-covered hills of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is the ultimate wildlife experience in Uganda. Bwindi, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a champion of biodiversity. Half of the world’s remaining mountain gorilla population lives in its dense, ancient rainforests. Watching their gentle spirit, intricate social relationships, and strikingly human-like emotions can be humbling; it provides a different viewpoint of our place in the natural world.

The savannahs are also rich in animals and comprise various habitats. One of Uganda’s most beloved safari sites is Queen Elizabeth National Park, which presents a unique animal landscape. The renowned tree-climbing lions are a magnificent sight; you can often find them lounging on the branches of enormous fig trees. With over 600 documented bird species, including the superb fish eagle and the flashy flamingo, the park is also a paradise for bird enthusiasts.

A unique animal interaction can be had in the scenic Kazinga Channel, which connects Lake George and Lake Edward. There is no better way to see animals than boat safaris in this waterway. On the banks, one can often spot elephants, buffalo, and antelope herds while hippos and crocodiles rule the waters. With the possibility of seeing pelicans, kingfishers, and many other water species in their native habitat, these boat journeys also provide fantastic bird-watching opportunities.

Uganda’s approach to tourism demonstrates its dedication to conservation. The nation has made considerable efforts to guarantee that its interactions with animals are environmentally and socially responsible. For example, the money from gorilla trekking is invested back into community development initiatives and conservation efforts, fostering a healthy coexistence of tourism and environmental preservation.

Botswana

When it comes to sustainable tourism and wildlife management, Botswana is a model nation that sets the standard for responsible travel and conservation on a worldwide scale. Its dedication to protecting its natural heritage is best shown in the Okavango Delta. A wetland within a desert, the enormous inland river delta is a rare phenomenon and a UNESCO World Heritage site. It provides a unique ecosystem with a labyrinth of channels, islands, and lagoons, creating a paradise for an incredible variety of wildlife.

The Okavango Delta is a fascinating world of water and wildlife. Safari guests can glide softly through this area in Mokoros, where indigenous guides skillfully navigate ancient dugout canoes. In addition to being environmentally responsible, this kind of transportation makes for a serene and personal encounter with nature. Elephants can be seen swimming in the shallow waters, lions hunting in the grasslands nearby, and cheetahs moving over the vast plains. This area is also a birdwatcher’s heaven with a staggering variety of bird species, such as the rare Pel’s fishing owl and the vivid lilac-breasted roller. Botswana’s dedication to sustainable tourism and conservation is also apparent at Chobe National Park, one of the country’s wildlife havens. This park is renowned for having some of Africa’s highest numbers of elephants. Large herds of buffalo, many antelope species, and various predators are among the many species drawn to the river, which supplies food and habitat for the park’s inhabitants.

Botswana’s tourism concept includes substantial community participation in addition to conservation efforts. The nation acknowledges that local people are essential players in wildlife preservation. Many of Botswana’s eco-lodges and safari businesses are managed by the local community or in collaboration with nearby villages, guaranteeing that the money generated from tourism directly helps the people who coexist with the animals.

Travelling through Europe on its excellent and extensive train network is a great way to explore the continent. Whether you’re gliding through the Alps or coasting through the French countryside, with almost 222,924km (138,518 miles) of track to discover, it might be challenging to decide where to board and get off. We’ve compiled a list of some of Europe’s most picturesque roads, best viewed from a window seat. So switch off your screen, unwind, and take in the most breathtaking train routes in Europe.

Rauma Railway, Norway

Route: Dombås to Åndalsnes

Distance and duration: 70 miles / 113km, 1.5 hours

Best time to ride: Summer or winter 

With its majestic views of towering peaks, jagged cliffs, and the tranquil Rauma River, Norway’s Rauma Line provides a captivating rail trip. Highlights include going through Reinheimen National Park and over the Kylling Bridge. The route runs from Dombås to Åndalsnes, famous for treks to the Rampestreken viewpoint and adventure sports. The mountains of central Norway are home to fjords, valleys, and famous sites like the Kylling Bridge and the Trollveggen. With its white sand beaches and tumbling waters, the emerald Rauma River is a pleasure for travellers. A stop in Bjorli, which appears in the movie “Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince,” provides for exploration and coffee. The Rauma Line is an incredible chance to experience the breathtaking scenery and unspoiled beauty of Norway.

West Highland Line, Scotland

Route: Fort William to Mallaig

Distance and duration: 41 miles / 67km, 1.5 hours

Best time to ride: Summer

Travelling through a variety of spectacular settings, such as untamed hills, serene lochs, and breathtaking beaches, the West Highland Line in Scotland is a visual feast. The peaks of the highlands, covered in mist, give the journey an almost otherworldly backdrop, while the lochs mirror the surrounding towering mountains and lush greenery. Views of the coastline, with its crashing waves and salty fresh air, are offered to passengers as the train meanders through the countryside. Passing Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in Britain, with its snow-capped top serving as a monument to the splendour of nature, is one of the journey’s highlights. Another renowned sight is the Glenfinnan viaduct, whose elegant arches offer breathtaking views of the surroundings. In the Harry Potter films, this picturesque route was used to symbolise the Hogwarts Express. The last stop is Mallaig, a little fishing village known for its mouthwatering seafood selection, including white fish, mussels, and prawns.

Glacier Express, Switzerland

Route: Zermatt to St Moritz

Distance and duration: 180 miles / 291km, 7.5 hours

Best time to ride: November to January

The Glacier Express, dubbed the “world’s slowest express train,” offers a once-in-a-lifetime chance to travel across the breathtaking Swiss Alps and rub shoulders with the wealthy elite. The European train trip travels through breathtakingly pure alpine scenery to connect Zermatt and St. Moritz, two of Switzerland’s most prestigious ski resorts. A front-row seat to some of the most breathtaking scenery on Earth, including tall peaks, narrow gorges, and lovely valleys, is offered by the panoramic windows. The Glacier Express provides a luxurious and comfortable way to visit some of the world’s best slopes, making it a must-do experience for any ski enthusiast. The train’s opulent amenities and first-rate service guarantee that passengers experience the height of luxury while travelling.

Bergen Railway, Norway

Route: Oslo to Bergen via Flåm

Distance and duration: 341 miles / 550km, 7 hours

Best time to ride: July or winter

Norway’s breathtaking natural splendour is on display through the Bergen Railway experience. As the European train travel progresses, guests are treated to breathtaking views of untamed alpine terrain. Before arriving at Finse, the line’s highest station at 1222 metres, passengers are presented with views of pristine environment and animals as the train winds over the Hardangervidda plateau. Finse, only accessible by train, is evidence of the incredible engineering achievement of the Bergen Railway. A trip highlight is the branch line that runs from Myrdal to Flåm. The Flåm Railway, ascending nearly 900 meters in just 20 kilometres, is the world’s steepest railway track. The trip comes to a close at Bergen, a stunning city on Norway’s west coast that perfectly combines urban elegance with natural beauty.

Bernina Express, Switzerland and Italy

Route: Chur to Tirano

Distance and duration: 76 miles / 122km, 4 hours

Best time to ride: April

The Bernina Express connects northern and southern Europe with a breathtaking panoramic tour across the Swiss Alps as it makes its way down through the mountains to the palms of Italy, a great way to see more of Europe by train. It also passes through several charming Swiss towns and villages, including St. Moritz, Pontresina, and Poschiavo, where passengers can disembark and explore the local sights and attractions. The train passes through a variety of breathtaking scenery, including mountains, glaciers, valleys, and woods, as it travels along the Albula and Bernina railway lines, which are recognised UNESCO World Heritage sites, as well as the Morteratsch Glacier, which is one of the largest and most accessible glaciers in the Alps. Some of the most iconic constructions in the world, like the Landwasser Viaduct and the Brusio spiral viaduct, highlight the route’s fantastic engineering. The Bernina Express route travels through 55 tunnels, across 196 bridges, and ascends to 2,253 metres at the Bernina Pass.

Rhine Valley Railway, Germany

Route: Bingen to Koblenz

Distance and duration: 38 miles / 61km, 50 min

Best time to ride: February to October

Romantic vistas seem straight out of a storybook while you are in Germany’s Rhine Valley. Elevated castles on tall hills provide a commanding view of the Rhine River, whose waters swirl past slender cliffs and steep vineyards. Taking a trip on the Mittelrheinbahn (Central Rhine Railway) is the ideal method to fully appreciate the breathtaking beauty of the Rhine Valley. Between the ancient cities of Mainz and Koblenz, this train travels along the winding left bank of the Rhine River. Passengers enjoy expansive views of the river, the castles perched above the hills, and the charming villages scattered over the terrain as the train traverses the rails. The Lorelei Sculpture, south of St. Goarshausen, is a must-see sight. This exquisite sculpture honours the legendary siren by encapsulating both her allure and the spirit of the tale that has captured people’s hearts for generations.

Semmering Railway, Austria

Route: Gloggnitz to Mürzzuschlag

Distance and duration: 25.5 miles / 41km, 45 min

Best time to ride: Year round

The Semmering Railway is a testament to human invention and perseverance, tucked in the breathtaking scenery of Austria. Over 20,000 diligent workers built this railway line between 1848 and 1854, making it a notable accomplishment of civil engineering and architecture. The train passes through a breathtaking wonderland as it crosses the 965-metre (3166-foot) Semmering Pass. The trip runs via sixteen viaducts and fifteen tunnels, as well as innumerable switchbacks and arched bridges that weave through a lush mountain stretch covered with forests. Hiking along the railway line is a great way to appreciate the beauty of the area fully. Make the most of this exceptional and stunning location by unwinding in a winter sauna in Semmering after a day of exploring. 

Cinque Terre, Italy

Route: Levanto to La Spezia

Distance and duration: 12.5 miles / 20km, 40 min

Best time to ride: February to October

Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore are the five lively, rustic villages that make up the Cinque Terre, a breathtakingly gorgeous region on the Italian Riviera that is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These charming settlements create a captivating contrast as they hang on craggy cliffs and plunge down to the Ligurian Sea’s blue waves. Olive groves and vineyards adorn the neighbouring hills, showcasing the region’s illustrious agricultural heritage. Cinque Terrens are known for their inventiveness and perseverance, as evidenced by the expert way local farmers grow their products on precipitous terraces. Take the regional trains, which stop in all five villages and provide breathtaking views of the hills and ocean, to explore the area. As an alternative, Riomaggiore and Manarola are connected by the well-known Via dell’Amore, also known as the Path of Love, which offers couples stunning views and a romantic atmosphere.

Centovalli Railway, Switzerland and Italy

Route: Locarno to Domodossola

Distance and duration: 32 miles / 52km, 2 hours

Best time to ride: Summer

A masterpiece that captures the Alps’ stunning splendour in all its glory is the Centovalli Railway. Spreading vineyards, colourful landscapes, abundant flowing waterfalls, and dense chestnut woods make it seem like nature has painted a beautiful picture just for the passengers on this trip. The Isorno Bridge is one of the trip’s standout features; it’s close to the picturesque village of Intragna and offers panoramic views of the valley below. The train’s seamless passage through more than 30 tunnels and 83 bridges – each a remarkable feat of engineering in and of itself – leads passengers to marvel at the gorge that connects Intragna and Re. Take the chance to enjoy a leisurely stroll around Lake Maggiore’s stunning blue waters. The serene surroundings of the lake offer an ideal counterpoint to the magnificent Alps, completing the encounter with an almost unparalleled sense of peace and tranquillity.

Mittenwald Railway, Austria and Germany

Route: Innsbruck to Zugspitze via Garmisch-Partenkirchen

Distance and duration: 51.5 miles / 83km, 3 hours

Best time to ride: Year round

The Mittenwald Railway is a charming route that connects Austria with Germany, winding past sparkling lakes and breathtaking mountainous scenery. This voyage is a monument to the natural splendour in this region of Europe, with views from your train window framing snow-capped peaks and lush foliage. Travellers can switch trains and board the picturesque Bavarian Zugspitze Railway at the quaint town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. This iconic railway climbs to the top of Zugspitze, Germany’s tallest mountain at 9717 feet (2961 metres). The scenery changes as you ascend, from verdant valleys to snow-capped peaks, making for even more breathtaking views. Don’t miss seeing Schloss Ambras when you are in Innsbruck. Situated on a hill with a stunning view of the city, this majestic white castle is a superb illustration of Renaissance architecture. A unique assortment of relics and displays offering insight into the region’s rich history and culture can be found here. There are also lovely gardens all around the castle that are ideal for a leisurely stroll after a day of sightseeing.

In conclusion, Europe’s scenic train rides offer an enchanting blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, making them a must-experience for any avid traveller. Whether you’re journeying through the majestic Swiss Alps aboard the Glacier Express, marvelling at the fairytale landscapes of the Scottish Highlands on the West Highland Line, or tracing the rugged coastline of the Cinque Terre region in Italy, each ride presents a visual feast for the senses, these are the most scenic train rides in Europe.

If you’re anything like us, you want to be as sustainable as possible. Travelling sustainably is one of life’s finest pleasures, and we shouldn’t neglect ourselves of these experiences. Still, there are ways we all can and should engage in as many environmentally friendly practices as we find possible. Hopefully, the basics are all clear to us: don’t litter, turn off lights when not in use, and use reusable bags and water bottles where possible. Rest assured, there are more ways on how to travel sustainably without breaking the bank.

Eat and drink locally

Food is one of the best ways to authentically experience a culture. Step away from Burger King and McDonald’s and opt for the best in local produce. Finding traditional dishes made by locals with locally sourced ingredients not only reduces your carbon footprint but also supports the local economy. It’s a win-win. There’s beauty in choosing something on the menu rather than getting the same easy, fast food you try to avoid at home. Street food is always an affordable way to experience the best a region has to offer, and if you opt for vegetarian, that’s even more environmentally friendly. You can visit local markets that sell all sorts of seasonal fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, and snacks. And during the evening, drink locally crafted beers or wines.

Do not disturb

If you’re staying at a hotel, one of the simplest ways to help the environment is by hanging up a “Do Not Disturb” sign on your door. This will let the staff know that your room doesn’t need cleaning and your towels don’t need to be replaced. It may not seem like much, but all these little things add up and have a significant influence on cutting down on unnecessary waste and use of resources. You’ll save the electricity needed to hoover, the water required to wash bed linens and clean bathrooms, and not to mention the super harsh chemicals used in the cleaning process. In many places, resources like water are limited and conserving it is crucial for sustainability. Even better, some hotel chains will now reward you for choosing not to have your room cleaned.

“I’m just one person; it won’t make much of a difference” … said 7 billion people. The more hotel guests adopt this way of responsible travel, the more hotels may prioritise environmentally friendly policies. A broader movement towards more sustainable and ethical hospitality can be sparked by your one small effort, which could have a beneficial domino effect throughout this industry.

Interact ethically with animals

In the travel and tourism industry, unethical animal attractions have long been an issue of contention. These attractions, which offer unique animal encounters and the possibility of a great photo opportunity, are frequently visited by tourists. But a lot of these attractions mistreat animals, harming them both physically and mentally. World Animal Protection has produced guidelines and initiatives such as the Wildlife Selfie Code to assist travellers in making more ethical and educated decisions around animal interactions.

The code emphasises the importance of observing animals in their natural environment. This allows them to exhibit their natural behaviours and reduces the risk of becoming dependent on human interaction. Ensuring that you’re at a safe distance from the animals is one of the most important parts of responsible wildlife photography. It protects you and also prevents unnecessary stress and harm to the animals. Encounters with wildlife should only take place if animals can move freely. This means avoiding activities where animals are kept in cages, chains, or other forms of restraint.

Thorough research is essential before arranging tours or activities involving animals. Just because an establishment has the word “sanctuary” in its name doesn’t necessarily mean it’s animal-friendly. Many places that call themselves sanctuaries could still be involved in unethical activities, such as breeding animals for profit, exploiting animals for entertainment, or subjecting them to poor living conditions. Be mindful of institutions and accreditations that attest to the respectful treatment of animals. There are strict guidelines for wildlife sanctuaries set by groups like the Born Free Foundation and the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries (GFAS).

For those wishing to witness animals in their natural habitats, national parks and wildlife reserves are ideal destinations. These protected areas prioritise conservation and offer the chance to see animals in the wild, where they can roam freely and engage in their natural behaviours.

If you like tigers, we have an article on where you can see them in the wild. Click here.

Pack light

Less luggage when travelling, especially when flying, can cut carbon emissions and fuel use. When travelling by car, bus, or plane, the weight of your luggage directly affects how much fuel each mode of transport needs. Lighter aircrafts use less fuel to reach and maintain altitude, which helps reduce carbon emissions. Weight reductions for planes, no matter how small, can save a lot of fuel.

For instance, International Air Transport Association (IATA) research found that aircraft weight reductions of just one kilogramme (2.2 pounds) can result in fuel cost savings for airlines of hundreds of thousands of £’s per year. Your journey’s energy consumption and carbon footprint can be indirectly reduced by packing only what you need and avoiding unnecessary items. And to be honest, you probably don’t need as much as you think you do when it comes to packing. Pack a few versatile outfits, and you’re good to go. You’ll avoid paying extra luggage fees, and carrying one bag is way less stressful than carrying several.

Where to get your water

A crucial aspect of travelling sustainably and responsibly is having access to clean drinking water. Although the safety of tap water varies depending on where you go, it’s essential to minimise the environmental damage caused by continually purchasing single-use plastic bottles. For travellers who want a reliable, clean water supply, a water filter is an excellent investment. These portable devices can be found in many forms, including built-in filters for personal water bottles, pump filters, and gravity filters. Since water filters are made to eliminate impurities, practically any water source can be safely consumed. You can obtain safe, clean water from a well, river, or tap by using a high-quality water filter. Water purification tablets are another great option. They’re small, lightweight and cost-effective.

Some places have their own methods for giving locals and visitors access to safe drinking water. Apps such as “Refill My Bottle,” for instance, can be used to find water refill stations in over ten countries in Southeast Asia. In addition to being sustainable, locally sourced solutions benefit local businesses and communities.

Share your experiences

Sharing your eco-friendly travel experiences with friends and family and on social media could encourage others to embrace sustainable and ethical travel practices, too. Many people may be unaware of how tourism affects the environment, how to travel travel sustainably, and the responsible alternative options. Your insights and experiences can help people realise the positive impact they can make while travelling the world. You can highlight environmentally friendly accommodation options, responsible wildlife sanctuaries, local food, and by doing so, you’re indirectly contributing to a better tourism industry and supporting eco-friendly businesses. By working together, we can create a beneficial domino effect that could result in more mindful and sustainable travel in the tourism industry.